Certain plants in the rose family (Rosaceae), including many ornamental plants, can be affected by fire blight. Some ornamental pear trees, such as ‘Bradford,’ were considered resistant to the disease, but they can become infected when conditions are favorable for disease development. In the home garden, fire blight can be very destructive to apple and pear trees. of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology Archives, Penn State Univ., Plants Commonly Affected Insects and splashing rain can then spread the disease.įire blight has spread down the twig into the main stem, where a canker has begun to form. During wet spring weather, there may be a milky-like, sticky liquid oozing from the infected plant parts, and it contains the bacterial pathogen. Many parts of the plant can be affected, including blossoms, stems, leaves, and fruit. Cracks may appear in the bark around the cankers. The cankers initially have a water soaked appearance, but then become sunken and dark. Slightly sunken areas, called cankers, appear on twigs, branches, and the main stem. These blacken and curl over, giving the appearance of a “shepherd’s crook.” Leaves on affected branches wilt, blacken, and remain attached to the plant, giving it a fire-scorched appearance. The disease moves down the branch, resulting in death of young twigs. The first symptoms of fire blight occur in early spring when temperatures are above 60 ☏ and the weather is rainy or humid. Guido Schnabel, ©2015 Department of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, Clemson University Symptoms Note the characteristic blackened, attached leaves and the shepherd’s crook appearance of the twig.
For efficient monitoring and early detection of the pathogen, fast and on-site detection methods such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) PCR and AgriStrip® kit have been introduced and are currently being used in the field.The fire-scorched appearance of a young twig with fire blight. Probably due to these aggressive management actions, the disease incidence rate could be reduced. Moreover, intensive chemical treatment and monitoring of fire blight have been performed. The South Korean government set up a management strategy for this disease in 2015, and recommended removing all trees within a 100 m radius range from an infected plant.
In 2015, 43 orchards were confirmed to be infected by this pathogen, and 18 orchards were confirmed in 2016. Based on several microbiological characteristics including genetic and biological assays, the disease was finally confirmed as fire blight disease caused by E. amylovora and was reported in Korea already in 1999, more careful analyses were required for confirmation of the fire blight pathogen. Because bacterial black shoot blight caused by Erwinia pyrifoliae has symptoms that are very similar to those of E. In 2015, fire blight-like symptoms were found in apple and pear orchards in three cities of Korea. Fire blight in apple and pear, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is very problematic worldwide and has recently been spreading toward East Asia from Europe.
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